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Custom email/password flow

Clerk supports password authentication, which allows users to sign up and sign in using their email address and password. This guide will walk you through how to build a custom email/password sign-up and sign-in flow using the useSignUp() and useSignIn() React hooks.

Enable password and email

In the Clerk dashboard, you will need to enable both email and password as a sign-in and sign-up method. Go to User & Authentication > Email, Phone, and Username.Toggle on Email address and Password.

The 'Email, Phone, and Username' page in the Clerk dashboard. There is a red arrow pointing the title of the page. There are also red arrows pointing to the toggles for 'Email address' and 'Password', both toggled on.

Create sign up flow

The email/password sign-up flow requires users to provide their email address and their password and returns a newly-created user with an active session.

A successful sign-up consists of the following steps:

  1. Initiate the sign-up process by collecting the user's email address and password.
  2. Prepare the email address verification, which sends a one-time code to the given address.
  3. Attempt to complete the email address verification by supplying the one-time code.
  4. If the email address verification is successful, complete the sign-up process by creating the user account and setting their session as active.
'use client'
 
import * as React from 'react';
import { useSignUp } from '@clerk/nextjs';
import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
import { ClerkAPIErrorJSON } from '@clerk/types';
 
export default function Page() {
  const { isLoaded, signUp, setActive } = useSignUp();
  const [emailAddress, setEmailAddress] = React.useState("");
  const [password, setPassword] = React.useState("");
  const [verifying, setVerifying] = React.useState(false);
  const [code, setCode] = React.useState("");
  const router = useRouter();
 
  // This function will handle the user submitting their email and password
  const handleSubmit = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) return;
    
    // Start the sign-up process using the email and password provided
    try {
      await signUp.create({
        emailAddress, password
      });
 
      // Send the user an email with the verification code
      await signUp.prepareEmailAddressVerification({
        strategy: 'email_code'
      });
 
      // Set 'verifying' true to display second form and capture the OTP code
      setVerifying(true);
    }
    catch (err: any) {
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error('Error:', JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  }
 
  // This function will handle the user submitting a code for verification
  const handleVerify = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) return;
 
    try {
      // Submit the code that the user provides to attempt verification
      const completeSignUp = await signUp.attemptEmailAddressVerification({
        code
      });
 
      if (completeSignUp.status !== "complete") {
        // The status can also be `abandoned` or `missing_requirements`
        // Please see https://clerk.com/docs/references/react/use-sign-up#result-status for  more information
        console.log(JSON.stringify(completeSignUp, null, 2));
      }
 
      // Check the status to see if it is complete
      // If complete, the user has been created -- set the session active
      if (completeSignUp.status === "complete") {
        await setActive({ session: completeSignUp.createdSessionId });
        // Redirect the user to a post sign-up route
        router.push("/");
      }
    }
    catch (err: any) {
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error('Error:', JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  }
 
  // Once the sign-up form was submitted, verifying was set to true and as a result, this verification form is presented to the user to input their verification code.
  if (verifying) {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={handleVerify}>
        <label id="code">Code</label>
        <input value={code} id="code" name="code" onChange={(e) => setCode(e.target.value)} />
        <button type="submit">Complete Sign Up</button>
      </form>
    )
  }
  
  // Display the initial sign-up form to capture the email and password
  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
      <div>
        <label htmlFor="email">Email address</label>
        <input id="email" type='email' name="email" value={emailAddress} onChange={(e) => setEmailAddress(e.target.value)} />
      </div>
      <div>
        <label className="block text-sm mt-8" htmlFor="password">Password</label>
        <input id="password" type='password' name="password" value={password} onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)} />
      </div>
      <div>
        <button type="submit">Verify Email</button>
      </div>
    </form>
  );
}
pages/sign-up/[[...index]].tsx
 
import { useState } from "react";
import { useSignUp } from "@clerk/nextjs";
import { useRouter } from "next/router";
 
export default function SignUpForm() {
  const { isLoaded, signUp, setActive } = useSignUp();
  const [emailAddress, setEmailAddress] = useState("");
  const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
  const [pendingVerification, setPendingVerification] = useState(false);
  const [code, setCode] = useState("");
  const router = useRouter();
 
  // This function will handle the user submitting their email and password
  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) {
      return;
    }
 
    // Start the sign-up process using the email and password provided
    try {
      await signUp.create({
        emailAddress,
        password,
      });
 
      // Send the user an email with the verification code
      await signUp.prepareEmailAddressVerification({ strategy: "email_code" });
 
      // Set 'verifying' true to display second form and capture the OTP code
      setPendingVerification(true);
    } catch (err: any) {      
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error(JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  };
 
  // This function will handle the user submitting a code for verification
  const onPressVerify = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) {
      return;
    }
 
    try {
      // Submit the code that the user provides to attempt verification
      const completeSignUp = await signUp.attemptEmailAddressVerification({
        code,
      });
 
      if (completeSignUp.status !== "complete") {
        // The status can also be `abandoned` or `missing_requirements`
        // Please see https://clerk.com/docs/references/react/use-sign-up#result-status for  more information
        console.log(JSON.stringify(completeSignUp, null, 2));
      }
 
      // Check the status to see if it is complete
      // If complete, the user has been created -- set the session active
      if (completeSignUp.status === "complete") {
        await setActive({ session: completeSignUp.createdSessionId })
        // Redirect the user to a post sign-up route
        router.push("/");
      }
    } catch (err: any) {      
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error(JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  };
 
  return (
    <div>
      {!pendingVerification && (
        <form>
          <div>
            <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
            <input onChange={(e) => setEmailAddress(e.target.value)} id="email" name="email" type="email" />
          </div>
          <div>
            <label htmlFor="password">Password</label>
            <input onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)} id="password" name="password" type="password" />
          </div>
          <button onClick={handleSubmit}>Sign up</button>
        </form>
      )}
      {pendingVerification && (
        <div>
          <form>
            <input
              value={code}
              placeholder="Code..."
              onChange={(e) => setCode(e.target.value)}
            />
            <button onClick={onPressVerify}>
              Verify Email
            </button>
          </form>
        </div>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

Create sign in flow

In email/password authentication, the sign-in is a process that requires users to provide their email address and their password and authenticates them by creating a new session for the user.

app/sign-in/[[...sign-in]].page.tsx
'use client'
 
import * as React from "react";
import { useSignIn } from "@clerk/nextjs";
import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 
export default function SignInForm() {
  const { isLoaded, signIn, setActive } = useSignIn();
  const [email, setEmail] = React.useState("");
  const [password, setPassword] = React.useState("");
  const router = useRouter();
 
  // Handle the submission of the sign-in form
  const handleSubmit = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) {
      return;
    }
 
    // Start the sign-in process using the email and password provided
    try {
      const completeSignIn = await signIn.create({
        identifier: email,
        password,
      });
 
      if (completeSignIn.status !== 'complete') {
        // The status can also be `needs_factor_on', 'needs_factor_two', or 'needs_identifier'
        // Please see https://clerk.com/docs/references/react/use-sign-in#result-status for  more information
        console.log(JSON.stringify(completeSignIn, null, 2));
      }
 
      if (completeSignIn.status === 'complete') {
        // If complete, user exists and provided password match -- set session active
        await setActive({ session: completeSignIn.createdSessionId });
        // Redirect the user to a post sign-in route
        router.push('/');
      }
    } catch (err: any) {
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error(JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  };
 
  // Display a form to capture the user's email and password
  return (
    <div>
      <form onSubmit={(e) => handleSubmit(e)}>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
          <input onChange={(e) => setEmail(e.target.value)} id="email" name="email" type="email" value={email} />
        </div>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="password">Password</label>
          <input onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)} id="password" name="password" type="password" value={password} />
        </div>
        <button type="submit">Sign In</button>
      </form>
    </div>
  );
}
pages/sign-in/[[...index]].tsx
import { useState } from "react";
import { useSignIn } from "@clerk/nextjs";
import { useRouter } from "next/router";
 
export default function SignInForm() {
  const { isLoaded, signIn, setActive } = useSignIn();
  const [emailAddress, setEmailAddress] = useState("");
  const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
  const router = useRouter();
 
  // Handle the submission of the sign-in form
  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!isLoaded) {
      return;
    }
 
    // Start the sign-in process using the email and password provided
    try {
      const result = await signIn.create({
        identifier: emailAddress,
        password,
      });
 
      if (result.status === "complete") {
        // If complete, user exists and provided password match -- set session active
        await setActive({ session: result.createdSessionId });
        // Redirect the user to a post sign-in route
        router.push("/")
      }
      else {
        // The status can also be `needs_factor_on', 'needs_factor_two', or 'needs_identifier'
        // Please see https://clerk.com/docs/references/react/use-sign-in#result-status for  more information
        console.error(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2));
      }
    } catch (err: any) {
      // This can return an array of errors.
      // See https://clerk.com/docs/custom-flows/error-handling to learn about error handling
      console.error(JSON.stringify(err, null, 2));
    }
  };
 
  // Display a form to capture the user's email and password
  return (
    <div>
      <form>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
          <input onChange={(e) => setEmailAddress(e.target.value)} id="email" name="email" type="email" />
        </div>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="password">Password</label>
          <input onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)} id="password" name="password" type="password" />
        </div>
        <button onClick={handleSubmit}>Sign In</button>
      </form>
    </div>
  );
}

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